“Recent FMD outbreaks around the globe demonstrate that animal diseases have no boundaries, can have a devastating impact and require a global response,” the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Regional Representative for Asia and the Pacific, Hiroyuki Konuma, said at the opening session of an FMD conference in Bangkok, Thailand.

Foot-and-mouth disease affects all cloven-hoofed animals, including sheep, goats, cattle, buffalo and pigs. It causes serious production losses and can be lethal, particularly to younger animals.

While the disease does not affect humans, FAO emphasized the negative impact the disease has on poor farmers whose livelihoods often depend on just a few animals. The disease leads them to hunger and economic ruin, presenting a serious threat in many regions. In addition, the agency estimates that the global annual cost of FMD in terms of production losses and the need for prevention by vaccination is approximately $5 billion.

To bring the disease under control, FAO has partnered with the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) to lay out a detailed global strategy which involves the strengthening of veterinary services responsible for animal disease control.

The strategy also seeks to significantly contribute to poverty reduction by increasing trade opportunities and protecting the daily incomes of the one billion poor farmers worldwide who depend on livestock.

“The successful eradication of rinderpest, a joint effort by scientists, governments, donors, veterinarians and farmers, clearly shows that we can reduce and even eliminate the threat of major diseases,” said FAO’s chief veterinary officer, Juan Lubroth, in a news release.

“We could apply lessons learned and appropriate approaches when it comes to foot-and-mouth disease: better surveillance, coordination and control to reduce FMD outbreaks and finally eliminate the virus, to safeguard food security, animal health and human health,” he added.

The joint strategy has been prepared by FAO and OIE in consultation with experts, countries and donors, as well as with regional and international organizations. Particular emphasis has been put on regions of the world where the disease is endemic, including most of sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and Asia.

“Diseases simply do not respect international boundaries, and if FMD SAT2 reaches deeper into the Middle East it could spread throughout vast areas, threatening the Gulf countries – even southern and eastern Europe, and perhaps beyond” the Food and Agriculture Organization’s (FAO) Chief Veterinary Officer and head of its Animal Health Service, Juan Lubroth, said in a news release.

FMD is an infectious and sometimes fatal viral disease that affects most cloven-hoofed animals such as cattle, sheep, goats and pigs, among others. It has devastating effects on meat and milk production and can cause mortalities among pregnant and young animals. Although it does not pose a direct human health risk, meat and milk from sick animals are unsafe for consumption.

In February, outbreaks of the virus’ SAT2 strain were identified in Egypt and Libya, and fears that it may spread to neighbouring areas were confirmed two weeks ago, when sick animals were detected in Rafah, a town in the Gaza Strip bordering Egypt.

According to FAO, the SAT2 strain is new to the region, which means that animals have not acquired resistance to it. FMD is transmitted via the saliva of sick animals and can live outside a host for a long time, as well as spread easily via contaminated hay, stalls, trucks, shoes, clothing, and even the hands of traders inspecting animals at market. Mr. Lubroth stressed that as vaccines against the SAT2 virus are still in short supply, it is important to limit animal movements to prevent the diseases from spreading further.

Transporting animals from the Nile Delta eastward through the Sinai Peninsula and north into the Gaza Strip has been deemed by FAO as the highest risk for the spread of the virus into the wider Middle East region, where livestock are a major component of household food security.

The agency said that the Gaza Strip will receive an initial lot of 20,000 vaccine doses to protect its cattle, and that it would provide an additional 40,000 doses as soon as possible for sheep and goats.

FAO has also been developing a regional response plan in consultation with countries at risk from the spread of the SAT2 strain and has facilitated a series of meetings among veterinary officials from the Middle East, North Africa and Southern Europe to coordinate actions. In addition, it has provided technical support to Egypt so it can manage its SAT2 epidemic and is training veterinarians from the region to take virus samples and diagnosing the SAT2 strain.